November 1998 Insights Issue #28Stitch in time turns penalty to plusSocial responsibility is growing to prominence on the agenda of the corporate sector, especially among multinational corporations (MNCs). Keen to avoid association with exploitation or abuse of human and natural resources, MNCs are developing voluntary codes of conduct on social and environmental grounds. Increasingly, they are also working in partnership with aid organisations with a view to protecting their reputation and their markets. When in 1996 pressure groups raised the alarm over exploitation of children in the football stitching industry in Sialkot, Pakistan, international sporting goods manufacturers asked Save the Children Fund to advise. From the outset, SCF (UK) proposed a wide ranging partnership to address the issue in a holistic manner. It warned against hurried solutions that might save children from one unsatisfactory predicament only to push them into more hazardous forms of work. A similar attempt to eliminate child workers in the garment industry in Bangladesh had, SCF knew, resulted in greater hazard and exploitation for many children. SCF designed and conducted a measured programme of research enquiry to gain a detailed picture of the lives of the children involved in the football trade and to ensure that their voices could be heard above the international clamour for swift answers. The priority was to establish some of the realities of children's lives rather than immediately investing money in hasty solutions. This analysis formed a basis for SCF's contribution to the development partnership. Much of the proposed action was based on myth and ideology rather than hard fact. Moreover, international brand name retailers find it hard to get authoritative information about the role of children in the production process of their suppliers, particularly as production is mostly based in homes rather than in factories. The SCF research revealed that:
Low wages and the impact on women's employment of proposed changes in the industry were other concerns revealed by the study. SCF recommended that the incomes of women stitchers should be protected by keeping production in community based centres rather than withdrawing it into larger factories from which cultural norms bar women. SCF insisted quick-fix solutions were inappropriate and that paying adult workers more would be the most effective way of reducing the need for children to work. Building on these findings, SCF persuaded the industry side not to seek the instant solutions their shareholders might have preferred but to phase out child labour over time whilst increasing opportunities for employment in the area. A programme has been established that sets its sights on:
Research provided a basis for serious assessment of the situation of child workers in Pakistan and for a way forward trusted by all parties. It proved crucial to finding sustainable solutions for child workers in Sialkot and for delivering more general truths about the complexity of child work issues. Caroline Harper, Rachel Marcus and Fiona King See also 1. Stitching footballs: The voices of children in Sialkot Pakistan, by Marcus, R. SCF Publications 1997 2. Small Hands: Children in the Working World by Marcus, R., and Harper, C. SCF Publications 1997 |
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