Go to the ID21 home page

Insights
id21 logo ID21 Home
id21 logo Insights
id21 logo Issue #28
Private good = public gain? Has ethical pressure squared the circle?
Corporate citizenship's snakes and ladders
-
Codes of conduct: will they ever go far enough?
Zones are blooming. But are they helping?
Whole new ball-game: from child labour scandal to development breakthrough
-
Academe and Industry: Time for a wake-up call
Sites for Sore Eyes
- - -

November 1998 Insights Issue #28

Back to Insights #28

Stitch in time turns penalty to plus

Social responsibility is growing to prominence on the agenda of the corporate sector, especially among multinational corporations (MNCs). Keen to avoid association with exploitation or abuse of human and natural resources, MNCs are developing voluntary codes of conduct on social and environmental grounds. Increasingly, they are also working in partnership with aid organisations with a view to protecting their reputation and their markets. When in 1996 pressure groups raised the alarm over exploitation of children in the football stitching industry in Sialkot, Pakistan, international sporting goods manufacturers asked Save the Children Fund to advise.

From the outset, SCF (UK) proposed a wide ranging partnership to address the issue in a holistic manner. It warned against hurried solutions that might save children from one unsatisfactory predicament only to push them into more hazardous forms of work. A similar attempt to eliminate child workers in the garment industry in Bangladesh had, SCF knew, resulted in greater hazard and exploitation for many children.

SCF designed and conducted a measured programme of research enquiry to gain a detailed picture of the lives of the children involved in the football trade and to ensure that their voices could be heard above the international clamour for swift answers. The priority was to establish some of the realities of children's lives rather than immediately investing money in hasty solutions. This analysis formed a basis for SCF's contribution to the development partnership. Much of the proposed action was based on myth and ideology rather than hard fact. Moreover, international brand name retailers find it hard to get authoritative information about the role of children in the production process of their suppliers, particularly as production is mostly based in homes rather than in factories. The SCF research revealed that:

  • Football stitching is not notably hazardous or exploitative for children. It is not bonded work and most children work to help their families and meet basic needs.
  • Children are deterred from attending school by the poor quality of education provision, but work does not prevent children from attending school.
  • Working enables children to attend school and football stitching is flexible work that can be fitted around other activities, including schooling.

Low wages and the impact on women's employment of proposed changes in the industry were other concerns revealed by the study. SCF recommended that the incomes of women stitchers should be protected by keeping production in community based centres rather than withdrawing it into larger factories from which cultural norms bar women. SCF insisted quick-fix solutions were inappropriate and that paying adult workers more would be the most effective way of reducing the need for children to work. Building on these findings, SCF persuaded the industry side not to seek the instant solutions their shareholders might have preferred but to phase out child labour over time whilst increasing opportunities for employment in the area. A programme has been established that sets its sights on:

  • Improving educational opportunities
  • Securing access to credit and savings
  • Organising women's stitching centres, so women can continue to work.
  • Monitoring the impact of changes in the industry on children and their families.

Research provided a basis for serious assessment of the situation of child workers in Pakistan and for a way forward trusted by all parties. It proved crucial to finding sustainable solutions for child workers in Sialkot and for delivering more general truths about the complexity of child work issues.

Caroline Harper, Rachel Marcus and Fiona King
Save the Children Fund UK,
17 Grove Lane,
London SE5 8RD, UK
T: +44 (0) 171 703 5400
F:+44 (0) 171 793 7630
Email: c.harper@scfuk.org.uk
Email: r.marcus@scfuk.org.uk;
Email: f.king@scfuk.org.uk

See also

1. Stitching footballs: The voices of children in Sialkot Pakistan, by Marcus, R. SCF Publications 1997

2. Small Hands: Children in the Working World by Marcus, R., and Harper, C. SCF Publications 1997

FREE Information Delivery services from ID21:
Get updates by email: ID21 news
ID21 is enabled by the UK Government Department for International Development(www.dfid.gov.uk) and hosted by the Institute of Development Studies (www.ids.ac.uk/ids), at the University of Sussex, UK. Charitable Company No. 877338. ID21 is a oneworld.net (www.oneworld.org) partner and a mediachannel affiliate (www.mediachannel.org).

Top of the page

Views expressed in INSIGHTS are not necessarily those of DFID, IDS, id21 or other contributing institutions. Copyright remains with the original authors but (unless stated otherwise) articles may be copied or quoted without restriction, provided id21 and originating author(s) and
institution(s) are acknowledged.

Copyright © 2005 id21. All rights reserved.