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id21 classic highlights

id21 are summarising some of the best international development research published in the last 50 years. Linking in with the Institute of Development Studies' (IDS) 40th anniversary celebrations, we are starting off with five classics from IDS by Hans Singer, Dudley Seers, Richard Jolly, Michael Lipton, and Robert Chambers.

We will then feature classic highlights from all over the world. Suggestions welcome. Email id21classics@ids.ac.uk with your ideas.


Poverty and famines
Amartya Sen, 1981

Equality of what?
Amartya Sen, 1979

New tools to understand the economies of poor countries
Sir William Arthur Lewis, 1954

Unfair trade: commodity-producing poor countries lose out
Hans Singer, 1950

The Meaning of Development
Dudley Seers 1967

Redistribution with growth
Hans Singer, Richard Jolly and others, 1972 and 1974

Why poor people stay poor: urban bias in world development
Michael Lipton 1977

Rural development: putting the last first

Robert Chambers 1983


Views expressed on these pages are not necessarily those of DFID, IDS, id21 or other contributing institutions. Unless stated otherwise articles featured on the id21 web-site may be copied or quoted without restriction, provided id21 and originating author(s) and institution(s) are acknowledged.

Copyright © 2009 IDS. All rights reserved.


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Suggest a classic highlight
Which seminal research would you like to see featured on id21? Published in the last 50 or so years, it will have had considerable influence worldwide and brought about significant change in development thinking and policy. Email id21classics@ids.ac.uk with your ideas.

Forthcoming classic highlights

  • Ester Boserup
  • Amartya Sen
  • Garrett Hardin

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id21 is funded by the UK Government Department for International Development (www.dfid.gov.uk) and is one of a family of knowledge services provided by the Institute of Development Studies (www.ids.ac.uk/ids), at the University of Sussex, UK. Charitable Company No: 877338. id21 is a oneworld.net (www.oneworld.net) partner and a mediachannel affiliate (www.mediachannel.org).